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  • Geospatial Technology, End to End...

    Exploring all aspects of mapping and geography, from field data collection, to mapping and analysis, to integration, applications development, enterprise architecture and policy
Showing posts with label GPS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GPS. Show all posts

Traffic Congrestion, LBS and ITS

Posted by Dave Smith On 8/14/2010 12:33:00 PM 10 comments

For something along a different theme, given my extremely late (1:30AM) arrival back in Pennsylvania last night, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Congestion Management.


Previously, I had been involved in a few projects involving Intelligent Transportation Systems - and yet, it still amazes me how far behind we are in terms of even basic approaches.  Last night, I was stuck in traffic due to an unfortunate accident ahead on the roadway.  My immediate observations:  A state trooper was sitting on the side of the road, with his mandate to alert drivers and monitor the end of the queue for problems.  However, where he was situated, as so often happens, was past the last exit available where motorists could get off the interstate and find an alternative.

Had he been situated ahead of that last exit, I and so many other motorists with onboard GPS could quite easily have hit our "DETOUR" buttons and navigated around the congestion rather than end up in the midst of it.  But instead, we end up stuck, and the congestion and queue only grows and grows.  Poor congestion management.

Secondly, a police cruiser sitting on the side of the road certainly alerts drivers of something.  However, it doesn't give any specificity whatsoever.  Perhaps, it was just that the trooper stopped a speeder, et cetera.  Often they are sitting well behind the congestion queue, and sometimes it's not immediately evident that there is congestion ahead.  Opportunity for informing motorists is lost, and the situation is not mitigated and managed as well as it could be.


It would seem to me that there are any number of relatively simple ways to address and mitigate congestion as a result of an accident or other similar traffic event - we certainly have ample technologies available.  For example, a portable variable message board that could rapidly be deployed by troopers (as in the photo), or other alerts.  There are numerous Variable Message Sign (VMS) boards along interstate corridors, yet amazingly, to this day, they still are largely uncoordinated, where messaging is not propagated along the corridor across district or state boundaries.  Highway officials still seem to not recognize that roadways are functionally networks, that internal administrative boundaries are not appropriate barriers as far as motorists are concerned.

It would also seem that protocols like CAP messaging, GeoRSS and others could and should be leveraged, and combined with very simple, wireless digital broadcast technologies, aligned to highway advisory radio beacon broadcasts, to provide simple, low-cost means of transmitting location-based information to in-dash receivers, GPS units and so on.  Certainly some such systems exist, however via subscription, or at additional cost to the price of the receivers, and so on - however, perhaps a better business model for such as broadcast system could operate via public-private partnerships, where operators of hotels, restaurants and amenities could fund the system by providing basic information about available attractions and amenities when there are no highway incidents.  A perfect case for Location-based service (LBS) technologies.  This does not have to be a costly, complicated thing.  We already have all of the ingredients and have had them for several years.

Topcon and Sokkia: Engagement leads to Marriage

Posted by Dave Smith On 2/17/2008 02:05:00 PM 1 comments

Looks like the discussions that started last year between Topcon and Sokkia have led to Topcon acquiring 94% of Sokkia's outstanding stock - 32 million shares, for $194 million.

It will be interesting to see what this does moving forward, along with prior relationships on the GPS front between Sokkia and Novatel, which was purchased by Leica since.

Topcon's press release: http://www.topconpositioning.com/news-events/single/item/topcon-sokkia-combine-to-create-worlds-leading-survey-instruments-supplier/

Javad is back!

Posted by Dave Smith On 2/04/2008 11:11:00 PM 0 comments

A buzz is going around in the surveying community, JAVAD is back.

Dr. Javad Ashjaee, after a lengthy non-compete hiatus, has returned to the market with Javad GNSS, Inc. - Arguably a highly recognizable figure and driving force behind the GPS success of Trimble Navigation, his former ventures Ashtech and Javad Positioning Systems, which he sold to Topcon in 2000 - he now returns with a number of interesting offerings: The Triumph chip, a 216-channel receiver, said to be able to receive "all existing satellite signals as well as all those planned for the future. This includes all GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, WAAS, EGNOS, and Compass/Beidou signals"

Javad is also unveiling a number of other offerings, such as 4-receiver cluster units, the "Victor" handheld data collector, software suites, and many other innovations.
This is GPS on steroids...

Pennsylvania Surveyor's Conference 2008

Posted by Dave Smith On 1/20/2008 09:36:00 AM 0 comments

I am looking forward to going to the Pennsylvania Society of Land Surveyors' 2008 Conference. It kicks off tomorrow in Hershey, PA... There I will catch up with some of my old surveying colleagues and friends, as well as ping them on many of the other things that I've been dealing with, such as work on updating the NCEES Model Law via their Uniform Procedures and Legislative Guidelines Committee (UPLG) and Continuing Professional Competency for Land Surveyors as recently introduced via legislation in Pennsylvania - and potentially subject to an updated legislative effort, as well as many of the other things I work toward, such as data standards and geodesy, and many other plates spinning and hats I wear.
I am presently wrapping up a weekend spent with the UPLG Committee in Florida - which again raises some of the questions of defining practice, as regulated by law - with particular, sensitive crossover issues in Surveying being GIS and Photogrammetry, but also Engineering and other fields.

Instant GPS-enabled Camera

Posted by Dave Smith On 12/10/2007 09:00:00 PM 2 comments

Came across this interesting hack for the HTC TyTn II / AT&T Tilt:

With a registry editor, open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\HTC\Camera\ - and in folder called P9, change the value "enabled"from 0 to 1.

And, voila:

You now have an additional option button to select GPS Camera, and now your lat/long will be grabbed automagically from the integrated GPS to be embedded in the photo's EXIF tag.

Now if only I can find a hack for the camera's lag...

Mobile Geospatial

Posted by Dave Smith On 11/29/2007 08:06:00 AM 1 comments

I finally got around to upgrading my mobile platform. I had been toting around my Motorola cellphone, iPaq, Holux GPSlim 240 bluetooth GPS, and all of the associated iGo tips and other associated cables...

I looked at a number of units, Blackberries, Treos, Nokia N95 (very nice), along with the Samsung BlackJack (BlackJack II coming soon), Motorola MotoQ and others - but ultimately narrowed things down to Windows Mobile, as I have a lot of software for that platform (ArcPad, navigation, et cetera) - and Windows Mobile can run your selection of Java VM as well - best of both worlds.

Yesterday, I ended up getting the HTC TyTn II (also known as AT&T Tilt and by a few other names) - and I'm pretty happy with it thus far. It's the only Windows Mobile unit that I came across to feature BlueTooth, WiFi, 3G Data, and integrated GPS. It also has a 3 megapixel camera to boot.

Photo Sharing and Video Hosting at Photobucket

I'm still looking to pick up a nice big MicroSD card, so I haven't yet loaded it up with a lot of stuff, but I have been playing with Google Maps Mobile, Microsoft Live Search Mobile (Virtual Earth), and Mobile GMaps on the Esmertec JBed JVM that ships already installed on the HTC unit. Notably, when I went to Esmertec's site, I was greeted with an Android info page, so I may be looking at gPhone apps as well.

Pretty nice, so far! I am looking forward to developing some things that take advantage of this new platform...

GIS TechnoGeekdom

Posted by Dave Smith On 6/15/2007 08:41:00 PM 2 comments

I have to admit, I think I'm getting a bit too much of my royal GIS geek on...



Yes, that actually is ArcPad, loaded up with base maps for San Diego, and I created a few extra layers, with trolley routes, BatchGeocoded places of interest, and plenty of other goodies in advance of the ESRI UC, and I'll be tooling around with bluetooth GPS to boot... As usual, I'll be loaded, downloaded, wired, WiFi'd, bluetoothed, GPS'ed, web 2.0'd, AJAXed, geo-enabled, deepfried and sanctified...

Lockheed Martin Completes GPS Block III Design Review

Posted by Dave Smith On 4/14/2007 08:05:00 PM 0 comments

Lockheed Martin has posted some news on one of their GPS Block III milestones:

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/wms/findPage.do?dsp=fec&ci=18298&rsbci=0&fti=111&ti=0&sc=400
LOCKHEED MARTIN TEAM COMPLETES GPS III SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW ON SCHEDULE

KING OF PRUSSIA, Pa., April 5, 2007 -- Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] announced today that it has successfully completed on-schedule a system design review of the U.S. Air Force's next generation Global Positioning System Space Segment program, known as GPS Block III.

More than 100 representatives from the Defense Department, including members of the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Space Command and Strategic Command, as well as the Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration, recently attended a five-day system design review (SDR) at Lockheed Martin in Valley Forge, Pa.

The review, which represented a significant interim milestone under a $49 million contract awarded in Nov. 2006, validated the detailed design of the GPS Block III system to ensure it meets military and civil user requirements. The Air Force is expected to award a multi-billion dollar development contract to a single contractor team in late 2007.

"The team executed on schedule an outstanding design review, demonstrating our technological, systems engineering and integration strengths for achieving mission success on this critical initiative," said Joanne Maguire, executive vice president of Lockheed Martin Space Systems. "We are extremely pleased with the government participation and the successful outcome of this important review and stand ready to proceed with the next development phase of the GPS III program."

GPS Block III will enhance space-based navigation and performance and set a new world standard for positioning and timing services. The program will address the challenging military transformational and civil needs across the globe, including advanced anti-jam capabilities and improved system security, accuracy and reliability.

During the review, the team reviewed in detail its planned architecture and design approach for the system and summarized results of risk reduction efforts and the team's experience on the government's Block IIR and IIR-M programs. A highlight of the review was an extensive exhibit hall that featured demonstrations of key technologies and displays summarizing performance, mission scenarios, and user benefits.

For GPS III, the team of Lockheed Martin, ITT and General Dynamics is building on its proven record of providing progressively advanced spacecraft for the GPS constellation. The team designed and built 21 Block IIR satellites for the Global Positioning Systems Wing, Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif. Eight of the spacecraft, designated Block IIR-M, were successfully modernized and delivered to the customer to enhance operations and navigation signal performance for military and civilian GPS users around the globe.

Headquartered in Bethesda, Md., Lockheed Martin employs about 140,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. The corporation reported 2006 sales of $39.6 billion.

Time to add GPS to the Swiss Army Knife?

Posted by Dave Smith On 3/03/2007 08:29:00 PM 0 comments


Associated Press is carrying the story about an accidental incursion of 170 Swiss infantry troops, as they strayed across an unmarked border into neighboring Liechtenstein. Fortunately these countries are generally on friendly terms, and in fact, according to the CIA World Factbook, Switzerland is responsible for the military defense of Liechtenstein; however these types of incidents illustrate how easy diplomatic snafus can happen...

It's also particularly ironic given the investments that the Swiss have made in quality geospatial products. Google Earth blog recently reported on getting imagery for the entire country of Switzerland at 50cm and many Swiss cities at 25cm, as well as improvements to the DTM models, with the entire country of Switzerland terrain at 10m resolution, and the Swiss Alps now high-res.

NGS 10-Year Plan: Call for Comments

Posted by Dave Smith On 2/23/2007 07:17:00 PM 0 comments

The National Geodetic Survey, in keeping with quite a few innovations and revelations to coincide with their 100th anniversary, has unveiled a copy of their 10-year plan, and are soliciting comment:

During the last year, NGS has spent considerable effort refining its mission, vision and strategy for the future. The result of this effort is the NGS 10 year plan. Because any plans for the future will affect the NGS stakeholders and the general public, NGS is releasing this plan in draft form for a public comment period lasting until March 31, 2007. NGS is interested in hearing all feedback on the proposed plan over the next few weeks. NGS will also discuss and take comments on the 10 year plan at the ACSM conference in St. Louis. This will take place during the first half (8:30 a.m. - Noon) of the "National Geodetic Survey and Partners" meeting on Sunday, March 11.

Please note that this document is in draft form. At this time NGS is seeking comments on the content of the plan. Once those comments have been received and incorporated into the plan the document will undergo a professional editorial review to address administrative (spelling, punctuation, etc.)
issues. Following the public comment period, NGS will consolidate all feedback and issue a final copy of the 10 year plan some time in April 2007.

Click here to download the draft of the NGS 10 year plan.
Click here to go to the comment template for providing feedback on the plan.Comments will be mailed to the NGS 10 year plan working group.



I am currently reviewing the document, it's around 42 pages. Some interesting touchpoints within the document:

"...the geodetic latitude, longitude and height of points used in defining the NSRS should have an absolute accuracy of 1 millimeter at any time."

"...the gravimetric geoid used in defining the NSRS should have an absolute accuracy less than 1 centimeter anyplace at any time."

"NGS will publish all coordinates of defining points of the NSRS with an epoch tag and will furthermore publish velocities relative to that epoch-tagged set of coordinates."

"NGS will therefore publish all coordinates and velocities of NSRS defining points in both the most recent official U.S. Datums and the most recent realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Furthermore, NGS will provide simple transformation tools between all historic and current datums and reference frames used by NGS, in 4 dimensions if possible."

and...

"NGS will validate local capacity for accurate positioning through direct interaction with a county geospatial representative and evaluation of that county’s access to the NSRS."

Thanks to John Halleck for pointing some of these out, to pique everyone's interest. Some very lofty goals indeed...

NAD83 (NSRS2007) is now online!

Posted by Dave Smith On 2/09/2007 06:01:00 PM 0 comments


Exciting news: In keeping with their aims for big ways to commemorate their 200th anniversary, the National Geodetic Survey has just put the new National Readjustment of NAD83 online.


Some PowerPoint presentations on the adjustment are provided here:
Data is downloadable in "Re-Adjustment Data Format" here: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/NationalReadjustment/rdf.html

Many thanks to NGS and all the good people who put a lot of time and effort into this - it will be great to have all of these stations tied to a consistent, seamless adjustment instead of many independent regional adjustments, as well as having NAD83 tied to CORS for concurrence.

NGS 200th Anniversary and NAD83(NSRS 2007)

Posted by Dave Smith On 1/28/2007 07:07:00 PM 0 comments


The 200th Anniversary of the National Geodetic Survey is coming up - from origins as the Survey of the Coast, signed into existence by Thomas Jefferson, on February 10th, 1807 to the present, a legacy of much excellent work. NOAA and NGS have many events planned in celebration of their 200-year legacy of success.

With this, also comes the unveiling of the National Readjustment of NAD83 - NAD83(NSRS 2007). A key benefit of this will be in that this adjustment will be performed using all data in the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), as opposed to the previous efforts, which were statewide and regional. The first, NAD83(1986) was performed on states, multi-state regions and so on.
Later on, with improved GPS capability came NAD83(HARN), referencing the High-Accuracy Reference Network. This exposed positional issues in the previous NAD83(1986) adjustment, and again, the HARN adjustments were performed on a state or regional basis.

As time progressed, we saw the emergence of the national Continuously-Operating Reference Stations (CORS) system - and with this, we gained a national network of GPS coordinates, which however exposed inconsistencies with the state and regional networks.
Now, with NAD83(NSRS 2007), 70,000 GPS points nationwide have been put into the mix, in a massive effort to place all of these on a common reference system, to eliminate the longstanding inconsistencies from adjustment to adjustment, network to network. With the excellent leadership of people at NGS like Dave Doyle, this release will be a boon to survey-grade, geodetic projects nationwide.


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Pennsylvania Surveyors' Conference 2007

Posted by Dave Smith On 1/27/2007 10:20:00 AM 0 comments


I was able to enjoy some time at the Pennsylvania Society of Land Surveyors' 2007 Conference. It was great to see many old friends again, such as the great folks at PSLS that put the conference on, the Penn State Wilkes-Barre Surveying faculty (they have an excellent program there - I was fortunate to be able to tag along as an observer in the last ABET visit to Penn State, and have known Tom Seybert since my own days at Penn State as a student), as well as many fellow surveyors, PAMAGIC members, POBers and other folks - the conversation was great, I got a lot of input and thoughts on Continuing Professional Competency, data standards and geodesy, and many other things swirling around in my life of late.

My focus was to attend some of the GPS sessions, and though I was tied up with many other things, I was actually able to attend some, such as the "Horizontal Control Survey with GPS " session by GPS guru Dr. James P. Reilly, and the "Static GPS Post-Processing" session by Brian Naberezny, of PSU and University of Maine.

I also greatly enjoyed the excellent presentation put on by Patrick Lee, as a Daniel Boone re-enactor. As a pioneer in his westward movements, Daniel Boone was involved in surveying and land grants - and some of my own Searcy ancestors were colleagues of Boone, and were also surveyors in early Kentucky.

Patrick Lee as Daniel Boone



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PSLS Conference

Posted by Dave Smith On 1/22/2007 09:22:00 AM 0 comments


I am looking forward to spending some time over the next few days at the Pennsylvania Surveyors' Conference. It's always a great time to catch up with old friends, as well as get some updates on various things going on in the world of surveying and mapping. This year I am going to focus on the GPS track, something I have not been doing my due dilligence on of late.

On another note, it's beginning to amaze me how many geospatial-related conferences are cropping up of late. I just got a notice of the Rocket City conference in Huntsville, and there have been several others in the last few months and more upcoming. I can certainly understand thematic conferences, regional ones, vendor-
oriented ones... but are we getting to the point where there are just too many?



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USACE Topographic Engineering Center

Posted by Dave Smith On 1/13/2007 10:12:00 AM 0 comments

As I mentioned in a prior post, the US Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Engineering Center was spotlighted at ESRI FedUC - CW4 Mike Harper gave an overview of quite a few interesting things going on in their enterprise, geared toward delivery of imagery and data down to the tactical level, along with collaborative data collection at the soldier level.

One interesting program is the award-winning BuckEye program, which gathers imagery using easily-deployable 39MP sensors, LIDAR, and other means, to provide imagery and DTM models which allow tremendous detail. Sample images shared with the audience included detail such as extension cords, individual slats of wooden pallets and other items to be identified - from imagery flown at 4000ft above the scene. These BuckEye soldiers and contractors have selflessly placed themselves in harms way toward gaining crucial data for military support, toward stabilizing volatile areas in Iraq and Afghanistan while minimizing noncombatant risk, particularly in urbanized areas, where detailed and granular intelligence is critical.

Other applications include the Urban Tactical Planner, Urban Skyline Explorer, and many others. Toward GPS and locational capabilities, TEC has been pursuing Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR), which allows military mapping products to be used as a backdrop - and as the demand for DAGR has outstripped production, TEC has also been working with Garmin toward allowing military mapping products from NGA to be brought into Garmin platforms as well.

Another interesting program described was in providing a framework for data collection at the tactical level - here soldiers can be debriefed or enter data directly, to be captured, geoenabled and databased, to provide a more transparent and collaborative means for sharing data at the tactical level.




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Google Earth and GPS

Posted by Dave Smith On 1/03/2007 12:57:00 PM 2 comments


I recently picked up a Holux GPSlim 240 bluetooth unit - it's got the SiRFstarIII chipset, and the whole package is barely the size of my thumb. I have been having some fun with it with various PDA-based and laptop-based software packages for navigation and tracking...


I have thus been overjoyed to see that one of my favorite pieces of software, Google Earth, is now looking at realtime GPS tracking... About time!

The Google Earth Blog provides an overview, along with some good insight on how the functionality works. This will add a whole new layer of fun to Google Earth!

Galileo's woes...

Posted by Dave Smith On 8/21/2006 09:35:00 AM 0 comments

I hate to keep harping with my skepticism of Galileo's business model... The Space Review today echoes my own prior concerns about their business model, given the need to firewall behind encryption in order to succeed - and atop this, concerns about China pulling out as a Galileo partner and instead pursuing their own Compass project.


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Galileo Codes Cracked

Posted by Dave Smith On 7/10/2006 03:54:00 PM 2 comments

I have previously voiced my skepticism of Galileo's business model as a European GPS provider, as well as reported on many other public critiques which were unfavorable- Now it turns out that the Galileo paid subscriber business model has shown it can be compromised. According to Science Daily, a team at Cornell, when frustrated with the lack of cooperation, were able to monitor Giove-A signals, and able to perform signal processing to reverse-engineer the algorithm used to generate the Pseudo-Random Numbers (PRNs) essential for processing the transmission.


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The Pennsylvania Society of Land Surveyors scored a victory today, with the passage of House Bill 496. This bill imposes penalties for the destruction of survey monuments, and it also reduces a surveyor's liability for errors from 21 years to 12 years.

Destruction of monuments has been a longstanding problem, from construction obliterating monuments and not properly replacing them, to property owners' disputes, and other causes. With monuments destroyed, removed, or otherwise obliterated, it makes retracement and documentation of subsequent surveys more difficult, and removes some of the certainty from the location of the corners.

Additionally, it has long been argued that the 21-year liability limitation has been unrealistic, particularly given that licensed Engineers enjoyed a much shorter liability limitation, with much greater risk of harm to life.

The text of the bill:


THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOUSE BILL No. 496 Session of 2005
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCED BY CORNELL, WALKO, RUBLEY, REICHLEY, PHILLIPS, O'NEILL, NAILOR, STERN, GEIST, SOLOBAY, THOMAS, J. EVANS, BUNT, CALTAGIRONE, GINGRICH, GRELL, WATSON, E. Z. TAYLOR, PICKETT, HARPER, HESS, J. TAYLOR, GOODMAN AND DENLINGER, FEBRUARY 14, 2005
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SENATOR GREENLEAF, JUDICIARY, IN SENATE, AS AMENDED, JUNE 13, 2006
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AN ACT
1 Amending Titles 18 (Crimes and Offenses) and 42 (Judiciary and
2 Judicial Procedure) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated
3 Statutes, providing for the offense of the destruction of a
4 survey monument; further providing for actions relating to
5 land surveying; and making an editorial change.
6 The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

7 hereby enacts as follows:
8 Section 1. Title 18 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated
9 Statutes is amended by adding a section to read:
10 § 3311 3312. Destruction of a survey monument. <--
11 (a) Offense defined.--A person commits a summary offense if <--
12 (A) OFFENSE DEFINED.-- <--
13 (1) A PERSON COMMITS A SUMMARY OFFENSE IF he
14 intentionally cuts, injures, damages, destroys, defaces or
15 removes any survey monument or marker. A person commits a <--
16 REMOVES ANY SURVEY MONUMENT OR MARKER, OTHER THAN A NATURAL <--
17 OBJECT SUCH AS A TREE OR STREAM.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 (2) A PERSON COMMITS A misdemeanor of the second degree
2 if he willfully or maliciously cuts, injures, damages,
3 destroys, defaces or removes any survey monument or marker in
4 order to call into question a boundary line.
5 (b) Restitution.--Any person convicted of violating this
6 section shall, in addition to any other penalty imposed, be
7 liable for the cost of the reestablishment of permanent survey
8 monuments or markers by a professional land surveyor and all
9 reasonable attorney fees.
10 (c) Affirmative defense.--It is an affirmative defense to
11 any prosecution for an offense under this section that the
12 survey monument or marker was improperly placed by a
13 professional land surveyor.
14 (d) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following
15 words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this
16 subsection:
17 "Professional land surveyor." As defined under the act of
18 May 23, 1945 (P.L.913, No.367), known as the Engineer, Land
19 Surveyor and Geologist Registration Law.
20 "Survey monument or marker." Any object adopted or placed by
21 a professional land surveyor to define the boundaries of a
22 property, including, but not limited to, natural objects such as
23 trees or streams, or artificial monuments such as iron pins,
24 concrete monuments, set stones or party walls. THE PHRASE DOES <--
25 NOT INCLUDE A WOODEN STAKE PLACED BY A PROFESSIONAL LAND
26 SURVEYOR AS A TEMPORARY MARKER OR PLACE HOLDER.
27 Section 2. Section 5537 of Title 42 is amended to read:
28 § 5537. Land surveying.
29 All actions to recover any or all damages against any person
30 engaged in the practice of land surveying occurring as the
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 result of any deficiency, defect, omission, error or
2 miscalculation shall be commenced within [21] 12 years from the
3 time the services are performed. Any such action not commenced
4 within this [21-year] 12-year period shall be forever barred.
5 The cause of action in such cases shall accrue when the services
6 are performed. Furthermore, any action shall be commenced within
7 four years from the time that such cause of action was
8 discovered, but no later than during this [21-year] 12-year
9 limitation period. In any event, no action shall be commenced
10 after the [21] 12 years from the time that the services are
11 performed. The term "practice of land surveying" shall be the
12 same as defined under the act of May 23, 1945 (P.L.913, No.367),
13 known as the [Professional Engineers] Engineer, Land Surveyor
14 and Geologist Registration Law.
15 Section 3. This act shall take effect in 60 days.




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VLF Voice and Text Could Save Trapped Miners

Posted by Dave Smith On 5/06/2006 10:33:00 PM 0 comments

I just read an interesting article about technology being developed by a Los Alamos Ph.D. staffer named David Reagor. Reagor has been working on the device for 10 years, using a very low frequency (VLF) transciever, digital signal processing (DSP) and audio compression. The current prototype is called 'Canary II' and can work at depths of up to 500 feet. It's being commercially developed by Vital Alert Communication of Huntsville, ON.

Quecreek initially struck a nerve with me, the mapping issue was fore on my mind. As I live in the heart of historic Anthracite mining territory, and having a land surveying background, I'm familiar with traditional methods of mine mapping - the major issue being transferring surface control reliably, after which mine engineers and surveyors try to count on reliable angular and distance measurements. Such technologies as theodolites and total stations equipped with gyrocompasses have been developed, but obviously GPS is out of the question, given the communication issue when transmitting through solid rock. I have worked with historic mine maps on a number of projects, and know some of the issues with these maps firsthand.

At any rate, there were a host of other issues leading to Quecreek - it's conventional wisdom around these parts that at a certain point in operations, the surveyors were pulled out of the mines and mapping ceased. However, the mining did not. In what was referred to as "robbing", the mines were stripped, even beyond constraints considered safe, where even the pillars supporting the roof were stripped of coal. Additionally, there were a number of wildcat mining operations. In Northeastern PA, mining generally ceased after the 1959 Knox Mine Disaster, where miners inadvertently broke through under the bed of the Susquehanna River, killing 12 men and flooding mine works.

Blame on unreliable mapping aside...

We had Sago, a recent Chinese mine disaster where the death toll is still climbing, and currently miners trapped in Australia. Such a device as Reagor has developed would be a tremendous boon. There is no price tag to be attached to the life of a miner.

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